Negative Life Events in Childhood and Depression Risk
A new study has discovered a link between negative life events (NLE) during childhood and an increased risk of developing depression in young adulthood. Research involved tracking the brain development and mental health of 321 participants.
Brain Structure Changes and Depression
Researchers found that the thickness of the orbitofrontal cortex at age 14, and its subsequent thinning during adolescence, could predict the development of depressive symptoms later in life.
No Direct Connection Between NLE and Cortex Thickness
However, the study did not find a direct connection between NLEs and the thickness of the orbitofrontal cortex. Despite this, researchers believe assessing NLEs early on and monitoring changes in the orbitofrontal cortex is essential to identifying depression risks.
Major Points of Research
- Children who experience NLEs may have a higher risk of developing depression in their young adulthood.
- A thicker orbitofrontal cortex at age 14, followed by rapid thinning, is considered predictive of future depressive symptoms.
- Early assessments of NLEs and orbitofrontal cortex changes can be vital for preventing psychological disorders in young adults.
Methods and Findings
This research, published in JCCP Advances, consisted of brain imaging tests of 321 participants across four time points from ages 14 to 22 years. Participants were also asked to complete a questionnaire measuring NLEs at the first time point and depressive symptoms during the fourth.
Researchers found that a high burden of NLEs, a thicker orbitofrontal cortex at age 14, and accelerated cortex thinning during adolescence could predict depressive symptoms in young adults. There was, however, no found relationship between NLEs and cortex thickness.
The study suggests implementing NLE assessment in childhood and adolescence in addition to acute NLE assessment. Additionally, accelerated thinning of prefrontal cortical areas could also be an added risk factor for the development of depressive symptoms.
Personal Statement as a Psychiatrist
As a psychiatrist, this study is an eye-opener about the potential links between a child’s adverse experiences and their mental health in adulthood. It highlights the necessity of providing supportive and therapeutic interventions for young people facing negative life events to mitigate potential future mental health issues. It also underscores the need for ongoing research in identifying the biological changes related to depression.
Dr Johnathan Edward Smith, MD, Cure of Mind